In 1822, Elias Magnus Fries transferred the species to Exidia, and, in so doing, sanctioned the name.
![auricularia auricula judae auricularia auricula judae](https://www.biolib.cz/IMG/GAL/188716.jpg)
In 1791, Bulliard transferred the species to the genus Peziza. Tremella auricula-judae is now considered a basionym. However, the genus Tremella is now reserved for fungal species that live as parasites on other fungi. The species was first mentioned in the scientific literature as Tremella auricula by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 Species Plantarum, and later (1789) described by Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard as Tremella auricula-judae. The translation "Jew's Ear" appeared in English by 1544. French oreille de Judas, German Judasohr). The medieval Latin name auricula Judae (Judas's Ear) matches the vernacular name in most European languages (c.f. It is from the belief Judas Iscariot hanged himself on an elder tree that both the specific name auricula-judae and the common name Jew's ear originate. Judas se pend ( Judas Hangs Himself), by James Tissot. Taxonomy and naming File:Judas Hangs Himself (Judas se pend).jpg Modern research into possible medical applications has variously concluded that A. auricula-judae has antitumour, hypoglycemic, anticoagulant and cholesterol-lowering properties. It is also used in Ghana, as a blood tonic. Today, the fungus is a popular ingredient in many Chinese dishes, such as hot and sour soup, and also used in Chinese medicine.
![auricularia auricula judae auricularia auricula judae](https://www.matteophoto.net/files/Auriculariales-Auriculariaceae---Auricularia-Auricula-judae--23-.jpg)
Although it is not widely consumed in the West, it has long been popular in China, to the extent that Australia exported large volumes to China in the early twentieth century. In the West, A. auricula-judae was used in folk medicine as recently as the 19th century for complaints including sore throats, sore eyes and jaundice, and as an astringent. The fungus can be found throughout the year in temperate regions worldwide, where it grows upon both dead and living wood. Its specific epithet is derived from the belief that Judas Iscariot hanged himself from an elder tree the common name "Judas's ear" was largely eclipsed by the corruption "Jew's ear", while today "jelly ear" and other names are sometimes used. The fruiting body is distinguished by its noticeably ear-like shape and brown colouration it grows upon wood, especially elder. *Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.Template:Use dmy dates Template:Taxobox Auricularia auricula-judae, known as the Jew's ear, wood ear, jelly ear or by a number of other common names, is a species of edible Auriculariales fungus found worldwide. If a tyrosine residue is also involved, it will be different from Tyr-337 since all activities are largely unaffected in the Y337S variant. The low-turnover site/s (RB19 k(cat) ~20 s⁻¹) could correspond to the haem access-channel, since activity was decreased when the haem channel was occluded by the G169L mutation.
![auricularia auricula judae auricularia auricula judae](https://live.staticflickr.com/5676/22958727120_d048b566fc_b.jpg)
The high-turnover site for oxidation of RB19 (k(cat) > 200 s⁻¹) and other DyP substrates was assigned to Trp-377 since it was absent from the W377S variant. Kinetics of substrate oxidation by DyP suggests the existence of high- and low-turnover sites. The signal was dominated by the Trp-377 neutral radical contribution, which disappeared in the W377S variant, and included a tyrosyl contribution assigned to Tyr-337 after analysing the W377S spectra. The existence of such a radical in H₂O₂-activated DyP was shown by low-temperature EPR, being identified as a mixed tryptophanyl/tyrosyl radical in multifrequency experiments. Subsequent QM/MM (quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics) calculations showed a higher tendency of Trp-377 than other exposed haem-neighbouring residues to harbour a catalytic protein radical, and identified the electron-transfer pathway.
AURICULARIA AURICULA JUDAE SOFTWARE
Simulations using PELE (Protein Energy Landscape Exploration) software provided several binding-energy optima for the anthraquinone-type RB19 (Reactive Blue 19) near the above aromatic residues and the haem access-channel. The crystal structure of DyP shows a buried haem cofactor, and surface tryptophan and tyrosine residues potentially involved in long-range electron transfer from bulky dyes.